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A Refuge Should Mean Refuge

Why the near-total opening of national wildlife refuges to hunting and fishing demands a public response

The Kind Life

The Kind Life

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Only 5% of America’s National Wildlife Refuge System is now closed to hunting and fishing. Put differently: on most refuge land, “refuge” no longer means a place where wild animals are safe from recreational killing.

That is the central fact worth sitting with.

On August 13, 2026, the Trump administration finalized what it proudly called the largest expansion of hunting and sport-fishing access in the history of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The rule expanded hunting and fishing access at 111 national wildlife refuges and fish hatcheries in 32 states. More than 92 million acres—more than 95% of refuge-system land—are now available for hunting or fishing.

A network created to protect wildlife is being transformed into one where animals may be pursued, hooked, shot, trapped, or otherwise killed across nearly all of its land.

What has been lost

The Trump administration has not simply expanded hunting and fishing on wildlife refuges; it has weakened the capacity to enforce rules and manage public land responsibly.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has lost nearly 1,800 employees—about 18% of its workforce—through cuts, buyouts, and hiring restrictions. Senators reviewing internal agency information reported that almost 60% of refuges lacked the staff and resources needed to fulfill their missions, while 9% were effectively “shuttered.”

Fewer staff means fewer people to investigate violations, enforce hunting and fishing rules, monitor wildlife, maintain habitat and public-access infrastructure, protect threatened species, and determine whether public uses remain compatible with a refuge’s purpose.

Expanding hunting under these conditions is not conservation. It is an abdication of care.

The Trump administration has also proposed rescinding September phaseouts of lead ammunition and lead fishing tackle at nine national wildlife refuges. Lead shot, bullet fragments, and lost lead fishing tackle poison wildlife when ingested and persist in soil, sediment, and waterways.

Objection without mobilization

There has been some opposition among animal advocates, but not nearly enough. A coalition of conservation and animal-protection organizations submitted formal comments opposing the expansion without adequate staffing, funding, monitoring, and public-safety planning. The coalition also urged the Fish and Wildlife Service to retain the scheduled lead-ammunition and fishing-tackle phaseouts.

But a formal comment letter is not a sustained public campaign. For a change this sweeping—one that leaves only a sliver of the refuge system free from recreational killing—animal advocacy organizations should be making the stakes visible, urgent, and ethically clear, and they have not.

Hunting may be politically difficult to confront. Some organizations focus on factory farming, companion animals, habitat loss, climate, or endangered-species litigation. Some conservation groups also support hunting as a traditional use of public land.

Those realities may help explain the failure to mobilize. They do not excuse it.

What advocates can do now

Animal-protection groups do not need to wait for another administration to begin acting.

They can:

  • Tell the public plainly that a refuge should provide genuine safety for wild animals.
  • Build a national campaign to preserve and expand hunting-free refuge areas, especially migration stopovers, breeding sites, and habitat used by threatened species.
  • Demand accessible maps, species and season information, monitoring data, and advance public notice of hunting and fishing activity at every refuge.
  • Press Congress to restore FWS staffing, refuge funding, and law-enforcement capacity before authorizing further expansion.
  • Defend and strengthen non-lead ammunition and fishing-tackle requirements.
  • Challenge weak compatibility findings, inadequate public process, and actions that endanger migratory birds or protected species.
  • Organize birders, hikers, photographers, families, wildlife rehabilitators, ethical anglers, and nonhunters—the much larger public whose relationship with wildlife is not based on killing.

Federal law gives hunting and fishing special status in national wildlife refuges only when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service finds them “compatible” with the mission of the refuge system and each refuge’s purpose. That makes public pressure even more necessary. “Compatible” should mean more than legally permissible. It should mean compatible with the well-being of animals, the ecological needs of a specific place, and the public’s reasonable expectation that a refuge offers refuge.

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Compassion in action

You can help make this issue harder to ignore:

  • Contact your U.S. senators and representative. Ask them to restore refuge staffing and funding, protect non-lead requirements, and require transparent, science-based compatibility findings before hunting is expanded on any refuge.
  • Find your local refuge. Look up its hunt plan, visit, and ask the refuge manager what areas remain permanently free from hunting and fishing. Request clear maps and advance public notice of seasons.
  • Speak as a nonhunter. Public-land policy is often dominated by hunting organizations. Write a letter to the editor, contact local media, or share a short post explaining why wildlife watchers and animal advocates need true sanctuaries too.
  • Support groups working on wildlife protection and public-lands accountability. In particular, support organizations challenging rollbacks, defending habitat, and fighting for safeguards against lead poisoning.
  • Use the right words. This is not about denying people access to nature. It is about asking whether a nation with hundreds of refuges can preserve more than 5% of them as places where wild animals are not targets.

A refuge should mean refuge

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Photo courtesy of Tima Miroshnichenko on Pexels.com

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Crows May Seem Ominous—But They’re Backyard Geniuses Smarter Than Your Dog

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One Small Pause, One Saved Life

Saving just one animal won’t change the world, but the world will change for that one animal

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It’s Time to Celebrate Animal Sentience and Stop Squabbling

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The Dog Who Knew 340 Words

A border collie named Betsy didn’t just follow commands—she mapped language, recognized images, and challenged what we believe about animals

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© 2026 Carolyn Cott

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Why Do I Care?

The Kind Life

I tend to feel an overwhelming degree of compassion for animals. If I see an animal in need—a panicked cat in the median strip of a highway, a homeless dog on the street—and my attempt to help fails, it puts a crimp in my evening, at the very least.

If there’s nothing I can even attempt to do (the dog with the pleading eyes in the Hunan, China marketplace—but that’s a story for a different post), I feel heartsick, and I can’t just let it go.

Life would be a lot easier for me if I didn’t care, or if I didn’t notice animals in need. Or if I noticed and could simply put my mind elsewhere. I almost envy people who can do that—with an emphasis on almost, because my respect for those who do flags a little.

My problem, if it can be called that, is that I tend to feel deeply. This has many benefits, but it also means that another creature’s suffering can undo me.

So why do I let myself care? There’s a degree of choice in this. I could try to school my mind not to feel so much, not to care so much, not to try to help. But I wouldn’t like myself very much if I did. And I wouldn’t have made the incremental differences I’ve made in the lives of some animals. That matters to me.

There is a world of animal suffering. Suffering is felt by one individual at a time, even when it’s collectively massive. While saving the life of one animal won’t change the world, for that one animal, the world changes completely.

If you have your own “why do I care” moment, please consider sharing it—your story might be the one that helps someone else stop looking away.

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Everyone Laughed at Finn’s Strange Dance

He was the last dog left from a rescue of fifty

I came to the shelter looking for a dog who could live peacefully with my two cats.

The shelter director asked me—actually, she pleaded with me—to consider a hound named Finn. As we walked down the aisle of kennels with barking dogs, she told me he was gentle with all animals and the only one among the fifty rescues from Alabama who hadn’t been adopted. He had arrived a year ago.

When we reached his kennel, Finn was sitting alone, hunkered down, while the larger dogs housed with him barked and played together nearby.

The director called to Finn. He walked toward us hesitantly, looking left and right as if wondering whether she might be calling another dog.

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Crouching down, I extended my hand toward him. He sniffed it cautiously and then leaned my hand as I pet him.

Then Finn began to dance.

He hopped in place, lifting one front foot and then the other, and rocked between his front and back legs like a child on a rocking horse. Sometimes he moved in a circle, always to the left, and sometimes he fell over.

The director said that people laughed and pointed when he danced, and then they moved on. They wanted to adopt a more normal dog.

I saw a shy dog trying hard to be noticed. I nodded to the director.

Smiling broadly, she suggested we visit one of the cat rooms with Finn. While I stood at the door, she picked up Finn and placed him among several cats. Two of them rubbed against him and he nuzzled them. One cat walked under him, twice.

I took him outside to the play yard. Finn stretched out on the warm grass and rolled on his back. As I stroked him he looked at me with such gentleness.

As I was filling out the adoption paperwork, the director told me more.

Finn was rescued as a puppy along with others from a dreadful situation in Alabama. A woman sold purebred puppies via a polished website. Behind the scenes, she kept 300 neglected dogs confined in crates outdoors. Finn spent his first four months in a crate so small the only movements he could make were rocking back and forth between his front and back legs and doing his three-legged hop.

Then distemper swept through, killing several of the dogs. Finn lived, although some of his motor skills were damaged—hence his circling, his losing balance and falling over.

The woman was eventually arrested, prosecuted, and served jail time—a rarity in animal cruelty cases. The dogs were rescued and one by one found homes. Finn did not, until that day.

Finn came home with me and stood in the living room in a patch of sunlight. He looked around, curious, and watched the cats. They sensed his kindness and were unafraid.

Then he came to me, looked up, and licked my hand gingerly. I looked into his eyes and we held each other’s gaze. I stroked him slowly from his head to tail.

Finn sighed, circled, lay down beside me, and closed his eyes.

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Compassion in Action:

See the Individual
Every animal is more than their history or their body. Spend a few quiet minutes with an animal others overlook. Connection often reveals what first impressions hide.

Ask One More Question
When visiting a shelter, ask staff: “Who has been here the longest?” or “Who gets overlooked?” That single question can introduce you to an animal like Finn—a sweet soul waiting for recognition.

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Inclusion Isn’t Always Care – the Deadly Risk of Hot Cars for Dogs

https://thekindlife.substack.com/p/inclusion-isnt-always-care-the-deadly

Minutes matter dogs cannot escape.
Full article here: https://thekindlife.substack.com/p/inclusion-isnt-always-care-the-deadly

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The soccer-loving dog

https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/s/rjvq4NKk17

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Finding Your Lost Dog: A Step-by-Step Guide

Timing is critical—follow these steps immediately when your dog goes missing. Most dogs stay within 1 – 2 miles of home in the first 24 hours

To view on Substack: https://thekindlife.substack.com/p/finding-your-lost-dog-a-step-by-step

Lost Dog Action Plan

Do this first

  1. Search your home and property. Check under beds, behind furniture, in closets, basements, garages, sheds, under porches, under decks, in shrubs, and in other small hiding spots.
  2. Look in the immediate area. Walk your yard and the streets nearby. Call your dog calmly and listen for barking, whining, or movement. Bring a favorite treat or toy, but do not panic or shout.
  3. Tell everyone in your household. Make sure every person in the home knows the dog is missing so everyone can help search.

Then do this

  1. Contact the microchip company. If your dog is microchipped, report the dog missing right away and confirm that your phone number, address, and emergency contact information are current. Ask them to flag the dog as lost.
  2. Search within a 1 – 2 mile radius. Walk or drive slowly through nearby streets. Ask neighbors to check their yards, porches, garages, sheds, crawl spaces, and security cameras. Leave your phone number and a recent photo with nearby residents.
  3. Call shelters, animal control, vets, and police. Contact local shelters, rescue groups, animal control, and veterinary clinics as soon as possible. Visit shelters in person if you can, and keep checking back every day or every other day because a dog may not be logged right away, and few shelters hold animals beyond 72 hours.
  4. Create a scent station. Put your worn clothing, your dog’s bed, blanket, or favorite toy outside near where the dog was last seen. Add a bowl of fresh water. Avoid leaving food out, since it can attract wildlife or other animals.

Keep spreading the word

  1. Make highly visible, easily readable flyers (readable by people in a passing car). Use a clear, recent color photo, your phone number, the dog’s name, breed, color, size, date lost, and last known location. Post flyers on phone poles, at intersections, pet stores, vet offices, grocery stores, parks, apartment complexes, and community bulletin boards. Leave your address off the flyer.
  2. Post online. Share the dog’s photo and details on social media, neighborhood apps, local community pages, and lost pet websites. These include Facebook, Nextdoor.com, local lost pet groups, and sites like PetcoLove Lost and PawBoost.com. Include the same information as your flyers and make posts public for maximum visibility.
  3. Check lost-pet databases. Look through online lost-and-found pet listings and local shelter postings. Upload your dog’s information if the site allows it. Check these listings often because updates can happen quickly.
  4. Use a humane trap if needed. If your dog is scared, injured, or avoiding people, a humane trap may help. You can often get one from your local animal shelter, rescue organization, or animal control office, and some pet supply stores or hardware stores may also sell or rent them. Place it in a quiet area near where the dog was last seen and add familiar-smelling items such as a blanket or clothing. Check the trap frequently and use one sized properly for your dog.
  5. Keep searching every day. Repeat the search, shelter visits, and online checks. Ask neighbors and local walkers to keep watching. Many dogs are found after several days, so persistence matters.

If you spot your dog

Do not chase the dog. Stay calm, crouch down, look away slightly, and speak softly. Use familiar words and let the dog come to you if possible.

Prevent this next time

Check fencing, gates, doors, and latches once your dog is home. Keep ID tags on the collar, keep the microchip information updated, and practice recall regularly. A GPS collar can also help for dogs that escape easily.

Photo courtesy of Michal Mikulec on Unsplash

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Animals Feel Emotions—Science Confirms It

Grief. Guilt. Friendship. What their emotions demand of us

To view on Substack: https://substack.com/home/post/p-195253581

You’ve probably seen a dog hang its head after chewing your shoe, or your cat curling up next to you when you’re sad. But do animals truly feel emotions like joy, fear, or grief?

Numerous studies show emotions aren’t just human—they’re a mix of brain activity, behavior, and conscious feelings in many species. Emotions involve physical changes (like a racing heart), behavior (like a smile, a wagging tail), brain signals, thoughts, and feelings (that inner “yay!” or “oh no”). Humans report feelings easily. Animals can’t use words to definitively convey what they’re feeling, but their brains light up like ours during emotional moments. For animals, scientists look for brain patterns tied to awareness—ones that appear when animals make complex decisions beyond simple reflex. Research suggests that mammals, birds, and many more species experience emotions consciously, and this should have implications for how humans treat other living beings.

Animal Examples

Dogs showing mood-based choices: Dogs housed in enriched rooms (toys, social time) eagerly approach sounds that sometimes predict treats (optimistic). Dogs in plain kennels hesitate more (pessimistic). Scientists determine “happy” vs. “wary” by housing conditions and baseline behavior. Mood literally changes how dogs gamble on uncertainty.

Chimpanzees consoling each other: After fights, chimps embrace and groom the loser (not the winner), cutting stress hormones. This targeted care mirrors human empathy—suggesting they feel others’ distress.

Elephants mourning family: Wild elephants gently touch and linger over skeletons of dead relatives (even years later), ignoring the bones of strangers. This selective behavior shows emotional memory, not instinct.

Crows helping companions: Crows see a trapped friend and use tools to free them instead of eating available food. This costly choice suggests felt concern, like human friendship. When food is right there but they prioritize rescue, it shows that crows’ emotional bonds override immediate survival needs.

Why It Matters

Real emotions mean real suffering. Beyond factory farms and barren cages, we trap wildlife in roadside zoos, abandon pets to streets, poison rats in agony, test cosmetics on rabbits’ eyes, and hunt for sport while they feel terror. Humane care literally makes animals feel optimistic, and true compassion demands we rethink every human-animal interaction. Pets, farm animals, wildlife, lab subjects, even “pests”—all deserve recognition as emotional beings. Every choice—from what we buy, to how we eat, to how we vote, to what we speak up about—carries ethical weight.

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Compassion in Action

Ask: “What’s causing my pet’s stress signals?”
• Separation whine? Puzzle feeder pre-departure
• Fireworks anxiety? White noise machine
• Pacing cat? Extra window perch
Science shows enriched environments create optimistic cognitive bias. You’re literally making them feel hopeful.

Sources:
• New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness (2024)
• Bekoff, The Emotional Lives of Animals (revised) (2024)
• Paul et al., “Comparative Science of Emotion,” Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 108 (2020): 749–70
• Mendl et al., “Cognitive Bias,” Trends Cogn. Sci. 14 (2010): 403–10
de Waal and Andrews, “Animal Compassion,” Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 82 (2017): 71–79

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Knowing

https://substack.com/@likecatsanddogs/note/c-248858467?utm_source=notes-share-action&r=2vw401

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When Helping Animals Never Feels Like Enough—Here’s What You Can Actually Do

A personal reflection on compassion, responsibility, and 20 practical ways anyone can reduce animal suffering

I confess that I’m almost never satisfied with what I do to help ease animal suffering. So much more can be done, and I often find myself wondering: at what point can I say, there—that’s good enough for now? For every animal I rescue, care for, or arrange help for, there are millions of others who need it. I can understand the urge to throw up one’s hands in defeat, because cruelty by humans is everywhere—institutionalized abuse, neglect, harmful ignorance, and intentional harm. Its pervasiveness can inure us to it, allowing us to more or less ignore it.

I admit to feeling something akin to envy (but not necessarily respect) for people who seem oblivious to animal suffering. It is understandable that one might turn away from it because of the perspective, what can only one person do? The answer, I think, is probably a lot more than you realize, without wholly upending your life. For 20 ways to make a difference, see the “Compassion in Action” section below.

I struggle with finding some degree of peace with what I actually do. The issue, as I see it, is that because the need is vast, the sense that it’s never enough is pretty much true. I can get stuck in that loop. The question for me becomes how to find balance: I want to extend a bit what I actually do, and I want to take some quiet satisfaction in knowing that what I do helps, rather than being crushed by the sheer enormity of the need.

I find this anonymous quote powerful: “Saving one animal doesn’t change the world, but the world changes for that one animal.”

Those of you who honor and love animals: I would love to hear your thoughts in the “Leave a comment” section, below, on how you navigate this issue.

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Compassion in Action

20 Easy Things Anyone Can Do to Reduce Animal Suffering

You don’t need to “save all of them” to make a real difference. Small, consistent actions from ordinary people can quietly reshape how animals live in this world. Here are 20 simple things anyone can do, now.

1. Adopt from a shelter or rescue first.
Every time someone chooses adoption over a breeder or pet store, they pull a life out of the shelter system and reduce demand for mass breeding operations.

2. Spay or neuter your pets.
Routine surgery prevents unplanned litters, eases pressure on shelters, and often improves pets’ health and behavior.

3. Care for community animals humanely.
If you see stray cats or dogs, provide clean water and appropriate food, and connect them with local TNR or rescue groups instead of ignoring them or shooing them away.

4. Speak up when you see neglect or abuse.
If you witness serious cruelty or clearly unsafe conditions, report it to local animal‑control or humane investigators; early intervention can stop escalation.

5. Buy cruelty‑free and humane‑certified products.
Choose household and cosmetic brands that avoid animal testing and, where possible, look for certifications that signal higher welfare standards.

6. Have a bird feeder or birdbath.
A simple source of water or supplemental food can sustain birds and small wildlife through harsh seasons, especially in urban or suburban areas. Place birdbaths on the ground so that non-flying animals can reach the water as well.

7. Plant native, wildlife‑friendly plants.
Even a small yard or planter full of native flowers and shrubs supports pollinators, birds, and small mammals with almost no extra effort.

8. Cut back on animal‑product consumption.
Shifting even a few meals a week toward plant‑based options lowers demand for factory‑farming systems that cause massive suffering.

9. Support ethical brands and sanctuaries.
When you buy pet products, choose companies that donate to animal‑welfare groups or help fund sanctuaries and rescue work.

10. Donate supplies or money monthly to a shelter.
Shelters always need food, towels, blankets, and litter; even a small recurring donation can free up staff time and resources for direct care.

11. Foster an animal when you can.
Short‑term fostering gives traumatized or overcrowded animals a calmer home, improves their chances of adoption, and opens up kennel space for others.

12. Volunteer a few hours a month.
Cleaning, walking dogs, socializing shy cats, or helping with admin can dramatically stretch a small shelter’s capacity.

13. Organize a small donation drive.
Consider turning birthdays, holidays, or social events into opportunities to collect pet‑food, toys, or supplies for a local shelter.

14. Share adoptable‑animal posts online.
One shared shelter post can connect an animal with the right home far faster than waiting passively.

15. Talk kindly and clearly about responsible pet‑ownership.
Gently share basics (vet care, spaying/neutering, enrichment, not “gifting” live animals) with friends and family; this can prevent future relinquishment and surrender.

16. Support humane‑education programs.
Donate to, volunteer with, or promote school and community programs that teach children empathy toward animals and the impact of our choices.

17. Engage with local animal‑protection laws.
Sign petitions, attend town meetings, or contact officials to support stronger anti‑cruelty laws, community‑cat programs, and animal‑shelter funding.

18. Avoid products and experiences that exploit animals.
Skip exotic‑leather fashion, wildlife‑derived medicines, and entertainment that relies on stressed or captive animals (circuses, exploitative “photo” ops, etc.).

19. Reduce litter and keep wildlife areas clean.
Picking up trash in parks or along trails keeps plastic and debris out of animals’ mouths and paws and helps ecosystems stay safer.

20. Design your outdoor space with wildlife in mind.
Use native plants, retain unmowed edges, and limit harsh outdoor lighting to help birds, insects, and small mammals survive while minimizing conflict.

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Photos courtesy of Anastasija Puskas, Unsplash and Jafetbyrne Photos

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The Dog Who Knew 340 Words

View on substack: https://thekindlife.substack.com/p/the-dog-who-knew-340-words

Betsy, a border collie in Vienna, was the kind of dog who made people rethink what they believed about animal intelligence. She demonstrated an understanding of more than 340 words. Beyond simply responding to commands, she was able to connect words, objects, photographs, and memory in a way that is language‑like.

Betsy was thought to learn in a similar way to how human toddlers learn through what’s known as fast mapping. This rapid process involves roughly determining or guessing a word’s meaning through context and through contrasting it with already-known words after minimal exposure (in Betsy’s case, generally twice). Over time, Betsy fine-tuned that guess, through repetition and other input, into a more complete understanding (as do toddlers).

Betsy’s feats also included visual abstraction: she recognized photographs as representations of real objects, even unfamiliar ones. In controlled tests, she selected the correct item 38 out of 40 times when presented with an array of 7 physical objects for each photograph. The probability of attaining that level of success repetitively in 1 out of 7 odds is 1 in 200 quintillion billion. Betsy remembered the connections weeks later.

Featured on the cover of National Geographic, Betsy was instrumental in gently unsettling old assumptions. Dogs are often praised for loyalty and obedience, but Betsy hinted at something else too: the ability to learn in a way that resembles thought—something flexible, curious, and deeply adaptive. When people insist that animals operate purely on instinct, cases like Betsy’s expose those assumptions as more self‑serving than scientific.

The way we see animals’ minds is closely tied to how we treat them. When one is convinced that animals are incapable of complex thought, feelings, or durable memory, it becomes easier to justify their neglect, confinement, or misuse. Betsy’s abilities—her fast mapping, grasp of images as symbols, and lasting associations—remind us that other minds may be watching, interpreting, and remembering far more than we may care to admit. Her behavior contributes, in a quiet but powerful way, to dismantling the myth that “lower” animals are too simple to warrant real ethical consideration. By showing that meaning can be constructed, stored, and reused, Betsy unwittingly pushes us to ask: if this dog could learn so deeply, how many other animals are silently bearing scars we never intended and suffering due to our ignorance?

Thoughtful, weekly stories about animals:

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Compassion in Action: Instead of unthinkingly eating a piece of meat, pause and consider what that animal likely endured on its journey to your plate. Ask yourself whether you’re willing to continue contributing to a system where demand drives more suffering.

Photograph courtesy of Pauline Loroy on Unsplash