Orangutan Observed Treating Wound Using Medicinal Plant

By Jack Guy, CNN

The male Sumatran orangutan treated a facial wound by chewing leaves from a climbing plant and repeatedly applying the juice to it.

The male Sumatran orangutan treated a facial wound by chewing leaves from a climbing plant and repeatedly applying the juice to it.Armas CNN  — 

Scientists working in Indonesia have observed an orangutan intentionally treating a wound on their face with a medicinal plant, the first time this behavior has been documented.

Rakus, a male Sumatran orangutan, treated a wound on his face by chewing leaves from a climbing plant named Akar Kuning and repeatedly applying the juice to it, according to a paper published in the journal Scientific Reports on Thursday.

Rakus then covered the wound with the chewed up leaves, which are used in traditional medicine to treat illnesses like dysentery, diabetes and malaria, said scientists.

ADVERTISING

Study lead author Isabelle Laumer, a post-doctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, told CNN that the team were “very excited” by their observations, which took place in June 2022 in the Suaq Balimbing research area in Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia.

Although other wild primate species are known to swallow, chew or rub themselves with plants that have medicinal properties, scientists have never seen them used to treat recent wounds.

Rakus treated his wound in a process that took several minutes, researchers said.

Rakus treated his wound in a process that took several minutes, researchers said.Armas

The team believe that Rakus intentionally used the plant to treat his wound as he applied it repeatedly in a process that researchers say took several minutes.

“This possibly innovative behavior presents the first report of active wound management with a biological active plant in a great ape species,” she said.

This photo shows a chimpanzee female, Roxy, applying an insect to a wound on the face of an adult chimpanzee male named Thea.

Related article Chimpanzees apply ‘medicine’ to each others’ wounds in a possible show of empathy

Researchers believe that Rakus most likely sustained the wound in a fight with another male orangutan, which are rare in the area thanks to “high food availability, high social tolerance between orangutans and relatively stable social hierarchies,” Laumer explained.

This means that orangutans rarely suffer wounds, giving researchers few opportunities to observe this behavior.

As for how Rakus would have learned how to treat a wound, one possibility is “accidental individual innovation,” said Laumer.

The orangutan may have touched his wound accidentally while feeding on the plant and felt immediate pain relief due to its analgesic – pain relieving – effects, making him repeat the behavior, she explained.

Another possible explanation is that Rakus learned how to treat a wound from other orangutans in the area where he was born, said Laumer.

close-up of a funny orangutan

Related article Great apes tease each other just like humans do, says new study

The observation “provides new insights into the existence of self-medication in our closest relatives and in the evolutionary origins of wound medication more broadly,” added Laumer, raising the possibility that wound treatment may originate in a common ancestor shared by humans and orangutans.

Researchers plan to closely observe any other wounded orangutans in the area to see if the behavior is repeated, said Laumer, who added that the findings underline the commonalities between humans and orangutans.

“We are more similar than different,” she said. “We hope this study raises awareness on their critically endangered status in the wild.”

https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/02/asia/orangutan-medicinal-plant-study-scli-intl-scn/index.html

LOST YOUR CAT?

It’s a myth that most cats will find their way home.

The most significant findings of a recent study were that a thorough physical search is likely to increase the chances of finding cats alive and most cats are found within a 500 m (1/3 mile) radius of their point of escape. Cats that were indoor-outdoor and allowed outside unsupervised traveled longer distances compared with indoor cats that were never allowed outside.

From: https://www.cats.org.uk/help-and-advice/lost-found-and-feral-cats/lost-a-cat and from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789300/

Five things to help find your lost cat

  1. Shake a box of their favorite biscuits to entice them home.
  2. If your cat has a favorite toy, try leaving it in your garden.
  3. Cats have a strong sense of smell – leave out a regular blanket or bedding to encourage your cat out of hiding.
  4. You might find your moggy is more active at night, especially during hotter weather. Go out with a friend or family member when it is dark to call for your cat by name.
  5. Leave a bowl of water out and some food. A tasty treat such as tuna might be enough to bring your cat home.

Is my cat lost?

Not all cats are house cats. Some are inclined to wander, especially if there is fuss or food to be found elsewhere. It is normal for your cat to pop in and out throughout the day – especially if they have a taste for adventure. If your cat hasn’t returned by the time dinner time comes around, however, you might be worried that your cat is missing. Try not to panic. Cats can disappear for days at a time and return with no trouble, looking perfectly healthy. While you might be worried, they’re likely to stroll in and wonder what all the fuss is about. If they haven’t yet returned, give them a few hours before you make a plan of action.

I’ve lost my cat. What can I do?

If your pet still hasn’t returned home, there are a few simple things you can do to help find your missing cat. The first thing to do is to check your own home and garden. Cats love small cosy spaces and might be hiding in the unlikeliest of places – from cupboards to garden sheds. Check every room in your house, including any outbuildings and sheds too. Behind curtains, under duvets and even in household appliances like tumble dryers and washing machines. If you’re having building work completed, check under floorboards or any holes big enough for a cat to nestle into.

If you’re sure your cat isn’t at home, the next thing to do is to speak to your neighbors as well as any delivery people nearby. They might have seen your lost cat somewhere and can let you know of their whereabouts. Ask them to check their own sheds and outbuildings, as well as under any parked cars in the neighborhood. Remember to check homes on both sides of the road, as well as homes that have gardens that back on to yours. You could even provide neighbours with an up to date photo and your cat’s name, reminding them to keep an eye out.

Advertising on social media is a great way to get the message out that your cat is missing, particularly if you’re a member of a local Facebook community group. Post a clear photo of your cat, their name and your contact details.

It is also useful to keep a list of useful phone numbers pinned to a board in your kitchen. You can download our list below, complete with handy contact details.

How do I get my cat to come home?

If putting out the word about your missing cat hasn’t worked, there are some great tips and tricks to try at home. Cats are heavily reliant on scent and leaving out items that may entice them back to you is well worth an attempt. Things to try include the following:

  • Leave your cat’s favorite toy or some of their unwashed bedding in the garden
  • Leave an unwashed item of your clothing, which will have your scent on it
  • Place any used litter from your cat’s litter tray outside, or perhaps the contents of your hoover for a smell of home
  • Call out for your cat in the garden early in the morning or late at night, when everywhere is likely to be quieter
  • Shake a box of their favorite biscuits or treats
  • Keep calling your cat, leaving enough time for them to hear you and be led home

Lost your cat? Follow our checklist

If you’re beginning the search for a missing cat, download our checklist to tick off each action as you do it.

  • Search first. Check small spaces in your home – everywhere from cosy cupboards to garden sheds, garages and outbuildings
  • Ask your neighbors. They’ll need to check their property, sheds and garages too.
  • Is your cat microchipped? Talk to Petlog on 01296 737 600 or Identibase on 01904 487 600 to register your cat as missing
  • Speak to your local Cats Protection branch or centre to see if they’ve had a cat handed in to them. To find one in your area, visit our Find Us page and enter your postcode
  • Get in touch with animal shelters in your area. Visit catchat.org to find those local to you
  • Contact all vet practices in the area
  • Make and put up flyers with your cat’s photo and description to place around the local area – or post them through your neighbour’s letterboxes
  • Post a description of your cat on your Facebook page, as well as any local community Facebook groups

Download the checklist

Microchipping your cat

Microchipping your cat is the most effective way to ensure that they can be identified if they go missing, and keeping your details up to date can increase the likelihood of a happy reunion. If your lost cat is found and taken to a vet or animal welfare organisation, you’ll be contacted quickly.

Moved house or changed a phone number? You’ll need to let your microchipping company know so that your details that are on file can be amended.Find out more about microchipping your catDownload: Microchipping guide

You See a Dog or Cat on the Side of the Road-Sensible ways to help without getting in over your head

(From Humane Society of the United States) You’re driving your car when you see a dog or cat on the side of the road. With a sinking feeling, you realize they are alone. What should you do?

This is a wrenching scenario for all who care about animals. After all, what if your own pet were standing there? Use our guidelines for providing safe and effective help.

Don’t cause an accident

You can’t help an animal if you become injured in the process. Look in your rear-view mirror before braking, turn on your signal, pull your car completely off the road, turn off the ignition, set the parking brake, and put on the hazard lights. If you have emergency flares, prepare to use them.

Catch them safely

Safety first

A strange, frightened, and possibly sick or injured animal can behave unpredictably. A sudden move on your part, even opening your car door, can spook them and cause them to bolt—possibly right onto the highway. If the animal looks or acts threatening, or if you feel uneasy about the situation, stay in your car.

If possible, restrain the animal. Create a barrier or use a carrier, leash, piece of cloth, or length of rope to keep the animal in the area. Signal approaching vehicles to slow down if you cannot confine the animal, or divert traffic around them if they appear to be injured and is still on the roadway.

Use caution

Use caution when approaching the animal. Should you succeed in getting close enough to capture them, you stand a good chance of being scratched or bitten.

When moving toward the animal, speak calmly to reassure them. Make sure they can see you at all times as you approach, and perhaps entice them to come to you by offering a strong-smelling food such as canned tuna or dried liver.

Lure them into your car

If you are certain you can get help from animal control very soon, try to lure the animal into your car with food, close the door and wait for help. In most cases it isn’t a good idea to attempt to drive somewhere with a strange dog unrestrained in your car; they may become frantic or aggressive. Cats may do the same, as well as lodge themselves under the car seat, and it can be dangerous trying to extract them.

Call for backup

If you’re not able to safely restrain the animal, call the local animal control agency (in rural areas, call the police). Do so whether or not the animal is injured, and whether or not they are wearing an identification tag. Leave your phone number with the dispatcher, and try to get an estimate of how long it may take someone to respond. If possible, stay on the scene to keep an eye on the dog or cat until help arrives. Make sure you report to authorities precisely where the animal is by using road names, mile markers or landmarks.

https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/how-help-stray-pet

World Spay Day

Initiated by Doris Day and her Animal League as Spay Day USA in 1995, when the estimated euthanasia rate in overcrowded shelters was between 14 and 17 million dogs and cats each year, this annual event has grown to global proportions in 74 countries, resulting in the spay/neuter of millions of animals since its inception.  The Doris Day Animal Foundation provides annual grants for World Spay Day, now organized under the auspices of the Humane Society of the United States, to promote spays and neuters across the country to help eliminate homeless pet overpopulation.  While there is still much work to be done, we’re happy to report that currently the estimated number of dogs and cats euthanized in U.S. shelters has dropped to about one million annually. 

Learn more about the many benefits and why you should spay and neuter pets and help support organizations that do: https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/why-you-should-spayneuter-your-pet

Ollie & Spuds – Chapter 7

An Expanse of Dusky Sky

Over the many days since Ollie and Spuds arrived in the country, they have found there’s much they like. The air is warm. The stream provides easy access to water. Their nest under the rocks is dry and protected. There’s plentiful wildlife that they hunt together. Spuds is the more talented hunter of the two, but she’s generous. There was one occasion, however, when she ate all but the claws, the beak, and some entrails of a bird, which she placed in a tidy pile in front of Ollie. He looked down at the pile and up at Spuds, twice.

On a pre-dawn ramble, when the horizon has a thin streak of light, Ollie and Spuds wander through the nearby town. Only the bakery, with steamy front windows, is busy at this hour. They turn onto a street lined with houses with tidy front gardens. One of the houses is overhung by an enormous flowering tree.

Spuds starts to climb the tree, as cats seem compelled to do. Ollie tilts his head at her, but he dutifully stands guard while she climbs into the high branches. From there Spuds can see most of the town and open countryside. She peers into the window of the house and sees a child sleeping. His mouth is open, his face serene, and he clutches a small bear to his chest. Spuds watches the blankets rise and fall with his breath.

Ollie quietly whines, and Spuds descends the tree and sends Ollie a mind-picture of the sleeping child. Ollie thinks of his children, of watching his family through the sliding glass door, of the sound of their voices­­­. Only once had he been allowed inside the house, and that ended with the man yelling at the children and pushing Ollie into the back yard.

The children came out to play sometimes. They circled their arms around Ollie’s neck and pet him gently with their small fingers. They threw sticks for him to chase, a game he found silly but played because the children seemed to enjoy it. The woman gave him food and water daily, each time stroking his head gently and speaking to him. When the weather turned cold the woman stuffed straw into the doghouse and covered the house with a tarp. On cold nights Ollie borrowed into it, but being a pit bull and therefore having little fur, he shivered through the nights.

Spuds gracefully leaps down from tree. Ollie looks into her green eyes and feels something like peace. They retrace their steps through the town. The baker is now standing outside his shop, his apron speckled with flour, his arms folded across his broad belly. He makes a half-hearted attempt to call to them as they walk away.

As the weather warms, the farm fields are striped with orderly rows of lime-green plants and the woods grow dense with undergrowth.

With the canopy of the trees providing cover for an afternoon doze, Ollie and Spuds stretch out side by side. Only the occasional buzzing fly disturbs their lazy afternoon. Their ears flick and noses twitch, but they nap, safe and comfortable.

Ollie awakens first, hungry, and noses Spuds. Spud opens her eyes, rises slowly, stretches, and yawns. 

They walk out of the woods and onto a dirt road with weeds poking up between wheel-worn paths. The sun edges lower toward the horizon, casting warm light on the fields. Spuds scans the fields for the movement of mice while Ollie galumphs along behind her.

Spuds sees a child ahead and stops so suddenly that Ollie bumps into her. Though clueless about why they’re stopping, Ollie raises his hackles as a cautionary measure.

A girl is sitting on the side of the lane twirling a long-tasseled wand of grass. She has curly brown hair and wears an oversize sweater that dwarfs her. She notices the animals and looks at them unblinkingly. Her eyes are turquoise-blue.

Ollie glances at Spuds to take his cue. Spuds continues to look at the girl. The girl wordlessly extends her hand. Ollie takes a few tentative steps toward her, pauses, walks closer, pauses, and sits down just out of reach. The girl keeps her gaze on Ollie’s eyes. He rises, moves toward her again, and stretches out his head toward her. She raises her hand slowly and strokes the top of his head. Ollie holds very still and lets her.

Spuds observes them for a few minutes and then walks toward them. She sits down a few feet away. The girl regards her. The three of them sit in stillness. The setting sun burnishes the animals’ fur. As the sunset colors start of the fade, the girl rises. Ollie looks up at her expectantly. The girl picks at the loose threads on the elbow of her sweater and then looks at them.

“Okay. I’m Tori. I can take care of you, but I can’t let anybody know. Let’s go.” She walks away. Both animals stay put.

“Come on.” Tori moves her arm in a wide, welcoming sweep.

Ollie walks toward the girl. As he closes the distance, he turns to Spuds. She licks a spot on her forearm and joins them. They walk along the dirt road together through the sloping fields, an expanse of dusky sky above them.

Into view comes a white farmhouse with black shutters, a red barn, and several outbuildings. Tori says, “You can hide in the barn, okay?” She nods at them, as though they’ve answered. In a way they have. “There’s a special spot in the barn that’s all mine. A separate door, a little window. It’s just the best place in the world.” She claps her hands together lightly a few times. “I’ve got my favorite books there and paper to draw on, and candy.”

Tori stops at the edge of a line of pine trees, stoops down to their level, and extends the palm of her hand toward them. Spuds allows Tori to pet her. “Okay, follow behind me, and don’t say a word.” She leads them along a path out of sight of the farmhouse and cuts over to the back of the barn. She opens a door and motions them inside. Spuds and Ollie enter and blink in the semi-darkness. The room has stacks of hay bales, a ladder to a loft, a small table by a dusty window, and a chair with stuffing coming out of the arms.

“I’ll be back with some water and food. Aunt Joan and Uncle Jon can’t know about you. They already have a dog and a cat. Once when I asked about adopting more, they said no way.” She sighs in a disapproving way. “I’ll be back. Don’t make any noise, okay? Not a peep.”

She closes the door behind her. Ollie looks at Spuds and wags his tail.

Spuds ascends the ladder to the loft. More hay bales, and the scent of mice. She jumps down onto the table and looks out the dusty window. Ollie, meanwhile, is rearranging loose hay with his snout and paws to make a comfortable bed.

Tori comes in with a bowl of water slopping down the front of her sweater, two bowls tucked under one arm, and paper bags clutched by the neck. She pours the bags’ contents into the bowls. The lovely clattery sound makes both Ollie and Spuds sit up, alert, remembering the sound from their pasts.

“I’m going to put a rock in the door to make sure it stays open so you can go out and do your business. Go into the woods for that—not on Uncle Jon’s lawn. That would be big trouble. I have to go in for dinner. So,” she pauses, twirling a strand of hair around her finger, “I’ll see you tomorrow and I’ll have more food for you.”

She scratches under Spuds’ neck and rubs Ollie’s ears, who leans into her hand. Then she’s gone.

Ollie and Spuds eat quickly. Afterwards, Spuds grooms herself. Ollie watches her from his hay nest, his eyelids growing heavy. They flicker open when Spuds nestles beside him, purring. They sleep as the stars move across the sky.

to be continued

(c) 2024 Carolyn Cott

Ollie & Spuds – Chapter 6

Think, Think, Think

Spuds wakes up and sniffs the air. It’s warm-cool and carries the smell of green growing things. Feeling hopeful, Spuds stretches and then gently paws Ollie’s cheek to wake him.

Ollie twitches and opens one eye as a warning to Spuds. Spuds pointedly turns away and looks upward, as though the sky is suddenly interesting. Then she leaps onto Ollie’s back. This sends shivers up Ollie’s spine. He sits up abruptly, which sends Spuds careening off of him. She lands gracefully, looks at him expectantly, and paces. We need to go out, now.

Ollie does a down-dog stretch and then shakes. The motion starts at his tail and progresses to his snout, from which spit flies like raindrops. Spuds squints against this.

They walk out the alley and onto the street together and make their rounds: trash cans, dumpsters, the park. Ollie finds half of a bagel beneath a park bench and offers to share it with Spuds, who has no interest. She’s scanning the area under a thicket of shrubs for any movement of mice. No luck. They amble on, skirting a stray dog working on a garbage bag, and slip down a side street.

Ollie smells something delicious. His raises his head, flares his nostrils, and takes off at a trot. Spuds runs to keep up with him. Ollie’s nose leads him to a truck parked in an alley. The door of the truck is rolled up and delicious scents come from within it. They look around, see no one, and scamper up the ramp.

There are cheeses, lots of cheese—in wheels, in boxes. Ollie selects a ripe-smelling cheese wrapped in cloth, holds it between his paws, and tears the wrapping. Together the animals devour it, their snouts covered in soft cheese. Partway through their feast they glance at each other with glee.

So engrossed are they that they do not notice a man approaching the truck. He is unaware of the animals and rolls down the steel door. Ollie and Spuds dash toward the opening. Spuds sees she can make it through the remaining opening, but Ollie is too chesty. She stops. Ollie looks at her, wrinkling his brow. Spuds looks away.

Slits of daylight edge the door. The engine starts and the truck jolts forward. Ollie and Spuds splay their feet, lower themselves to the floor, and look at each other with wide eyes.

As the ride proceeds smoothly they are able to stand up. Ollie is nose level with a round of cheese. He takes a bite of it. Spuds watches and then jumps up on the cheese wheel and eats as well.

They eat until the truck lurches to a stop. They hear voices outside the truck and position themselves at the side of the door, Spuds first, Ollie behind. When a man rolls open the door, they leap from the truck and run, looking back. One of the men stoops down and calls to the animals, extending his hand outward, palm up. The other man says, ”If we can catch them, I’ll drop them off at the humane society on the way back.”

The men walk toward them slowly, calling softly, but Ollie and Spuds sprint toward the woods. There they tuck themselves behind a boulder and peering through leafy undergrowth, watch the men walk away.

When the men are out of sight, Ollie and Spuds look around. The fields that surround the town from which they fled are dotted with clusters of trees and farms and edged by hedgerows. In the far distance, there is another small town. At the bottom of a steep slope behind them they hear a stream and walk toward it, Spuds picking her way gracefully, Ollie sliding downhill in places. They drink their fill.

Ollie lies down, rests his head on his paws, and closes his eyes. Spuds paws gently at Ollie’s snout, and when he opens his eyes she looks pointedly, repeatedly between the deeper woods and Ollie.

Ollie rises with a groan and follows Spuds through the woods. She doesn’t always choose a path suited to Ollie’s size; at places he has to scoot on his belly. They come to an outcropping of rocks protected by thicket of bushes and there lie down. A large animal ambles into view. It chews slowly in a circular way, bending its head toward the earth and raising it, its mouth bristling with grasses. The creature looks at Spuds and Ollie with a long, steady, neutral gaze. Spuds nestles closer to Ollie, and they sleep.

(c) 2024 Carolyn Cott – To be continued

The Tidying Mouse

I need one of these!

From the Guardian (UK): “A mouse has been filmed secretly tidying up a man’s shed almost every night for two months. Wildlife photographer Rodney Holbrook noticed that objects he left out of place were being mysteriously put back where they belonged overnight.”

Every Animal Needs Access to Water in Winter

Once the cold weather sets in, water freezes and feral cats and wildlife lose access to unfrozen water, and suffer. Here is a plug-in water heater: http://bit.ly/48A4TGB

Here is an inexpensive bird bath dish: https://amzn.to/3tzkKqh for the plug-in heater.

On behalf of the animals, thank you.